National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1994 An SRS Special Report John E. Jankowski, Jr., and John R. Gawalt Division of Science Resources Studies Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences National Science Foundation NSF 95-304 Table B-2. National expenditures for R&D, by performing sectors and sources of funds: 1953-94 (page 1 of 2) Handwritten on page: Actual dollars NOT adjusted for inflation (entire column highlighted) Industry Universities & Colleges Other nonprofit institutions(2) Sources Sources Sources Year United States Federal Govt.(1)Total Used Federal Govt. Industry(3) Total Used Federal Govt. Industry U&C(4) Non-Profits U&C FFRDCs(5) Total Used Federal Govt. Industry Non-Profits Millions of Dollars 1953 5,124 1,010 3,630 1,430 2,200 255 138 19 72 26 121 108 54 26 28 1954 5,644 1,020 4,070 1,750 2,320 290 160 22 80 28 141 123 61 31 31 1955 6,172 905 4,640 2,180 2,460 312 169 25 88 30 180 135 68 35 32 1956 8,364 1,041 6,605 3,328 3,277 372 213 29 96 34 194 152 77 37 38 1957 9,775 1,220 7,731 4,335 3,396 410 229 34 109 38 240 174 86 37 51 1958 10,711 1,374 8,389 4,759 3,630 456 254 39 121 42 293 199 99 38 62 1959 12,357 1,639 9,618 5,635 3,983 526 306 39 134 47 338 236 127 42 67 1960 13,520 1,723 10,509 6,081 4,428 646 405 40 149 52 360 282 166 48 68 1961 14,320 1,878 10,908 6,240 4,668 763 500 40 165 58 410 361 226 49 86 1962 15,392 2,096 11,464 6,435 5,029 904 613 40 185 66 470 458 295 54 109 1963 17,059 2,279 12,630 7,270 5,360 1,081 760 41 207 73 530 539 365 55 119 1964 18,854 2,838 13,512 7,720 5,792 1,275 917 40 235 83 629 600 433 55 112 1965 20,044 3,093 14,185 7,740 6,445 1,474 1,073 41 267 93 629 663 477 62 124 1966 21,846 3,220 15,548 8,332 7,216 1,715 1,261 42 304 108 630 733 525 70 138 1967 23,146 3,396 16,385 8,365 8,020 1,921 1,409 48 345 119 673 771 552 74 145 1968 24,605 3,494 17,429 8,560 8,869 2,149 1,572 55 390 132 719 814 582 81 151 1969 25,629 3,501 18,308 8,451 9,857 2,225 1,600 60 420 145 725 870 616 93 161 1970 26,134 4,079 18,067 7,779 10,288 2,335 1,647 61 462 165 737 916 649 95 172 1971 26,676 4,228 18,320 7,666 10,654 2,500 1,724 70 529 177 716 912 630 98 184 1972 28,476 4,589 19,552 8,017 11,535 2,630 1,795 74 574 187 753 952 653 101 198 1973 30,718 4,762 21,249 8,145 13,104 2,884 1,985 84 613 202 817 1,006 690 105 211 1974 32,863 4,911 22,887 8,220 14,667 3,022 2,032 95 676 219 865 1,178 822 115 241 1975 35,213 5,354 24,187 8,605 15,582 3,409 2,288 113 749 259 987 1,276 875 125 276 1976 39,018 5,769 26,997 9,561 17,436 3,729 2,512 123 809 285 1,147 1,376 925 135 316 1977 42,783 6,012 29,825 10,485 19,340 4,067 2,726 139 888 314 1,384 1,495 987 150 358 1978 48,128 6,810 33,304 11,189 22,115 4,625 3,059 170 1,037 359 1,717 1,672 1,100 165 407 1979 54,939 7,418 38,226 12,518 25,708 5,366 3,598 193 1,207 368 1,935 1,994 1,350 180 464 1980 62,596 7,632 44,505 14,029 30,476 6,063 4,098 236 1,326 403 2,246 2,150 1,450 200 500 1981 71,869 8,426 51,810 16,382 35,428 6,847 4,571 292 1,549 435 2,486 2,300 1,550 225 525 1982 80,018 9,141 58,650 18,545 40,105 7,323 4,768 337 1,727 491 2,479 2,425 1,650 250 525 1983 89,143 10,582 65,268 20,680 44,588 7,881 4,989 389 1,927 576 2,737 2,675 1,850 275 550 1984 101,167 11,572 74,800 23,396 51,404 8,620 5,430 475 2,101 614 3,150 3,025 2,100 325 600 (continued) Table B-2. National expenditures for R&D, by performing sectors and sources of funds: 1953-94 (page 1 of 2) Handwritten on page: Actual dollars NOT adjusted for inflation (entire column highlighted) Industry Universities & Colleges Other nonprofit institutions(2) Sources Sources Sources Year United States Federal Govt.(1)Total Used Federal Govt. Industry(3) Total Used Federal Govt. Industry U&C(4) Non-Profits U&C FFRDCs(5) Total Used Federal Govt. Industry Non-Profits Millions of Dollars 1985 113,818 12,945 84,239 27,196 57,043 9,686 6,063 560 2,369 694 3,523 3,425 2,400 375 650 1986 119,555 13,535 87,823 27,891 59,932 10,927 6,710 700 2,784 733 3,895 3,375 2,250 425 700 1987 125,376 13,413 92,155 30,752 61,403 12,152 7,342 790 3,192 828 4,206 3,450 2,200 500 900 1988 132,889 14,281 97,015 30,343 66,672 13,462 8,191 872 3,463 936 4,531 3,600 2,200 500 900 1989 140,981 15,121 102,055 28,554 73,501 14,975 8,988 995 3,921 1,071 4,730 4,100 2,500 550 1,050 1990 151,544 16,002 109,727 28,125 81,602 16,283 9,634 1,128 4,329 1,192 4,832 4,700 2,900 650 1,150 1991 160,096 15,238 116,952 26,372 90,580 17,577 10,230 1,205 4,835 1,307 5,079 5,250 3,300 700 1,250 1992 166,697 15,690 121,314 24,660 96,654 18,794 11,090 1,291 5,018 1,395 5,249 5,650 3,550 750 1,350 1993 169,515 16,556 122,000 24,000 98,000 19,911 11,957 1,374 5,111 1,469 5,298 5,750 3,600 750 1,400 1994 172,550 17,200 123,800 24,000 99,800 20,500 12,200 1,450 5,300 1,550 5,100 5,950 3,700 800 1,450 (1) Total funds used by Federal Government are from Federal sources. (2) Expenditures for FFRDCs administered by industry and nonprofit institutions are included in the totals of the respective sectors. (3) Industry R&D expenditures include all non-Federal sources of funds. (4) Includes R&D funds from state and local government sources. (5) Includes R&D expenditures of FFRDCs administered by individual universities and colleges and by university consortia. In 1993, 99 percent of total funds used were from Federal sources. KEY: FFRDCs = Federally Funded Research and Development Centers U&C - universities and colleges NOTES: Data are based on annual reports by performers except for the nonprofit sector; R&D expenditures by nonprofit sector performers have been estimated since 1973 on the basis of a survey conducted in that year. Data are preliminary for 1993 and estimated for 1994. As a result of a new sample design for the underlying Survey of Industrial Research and Development, statistics for 1988-92 have been revised. These statistics now better reflect R&D performance among firms in the nonmanufacturing industries and small firms in all industries. See appendix A for more information. Data available to SRS as of March 3, 1995 have been incorporated. SOURCES: National Science Foundation/SRS. Data were derived from NSF/SRS, Research and Development in Industry: 1992; NSF/SRS, Academic Science/Engineering: R&D Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1993; NSF/SRS, Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1993, 1994 and 1995; and an independent survey conducted by the Industrial Research Institute.